Gallipoli+Campaign

  By Franco Shea, Jack Cumes and Kaz Benson   What kind of warfare was used in Gallipoli?  The Gallipoli was a planned naval attack in the Dardanelles strait in Turkey, firstly, allied ships would first proceed down the strait, then landing on the Gallipoli peninsula, Turkey, on a beach, the they would quickly regroup and mount an infantry charge up. Tthe mountains to surprise the enemy - in the form of six Ottoman empire divisions initially. The allies themselves sent 5 divisions initially toohe allied forces consisted of two belligerents, the British empire, with its colonies, India, Newfoundland, Australia (ANZAC), New Zealand (ANZAC) assisting and the French (France, French West Africa), on the central powers were the German, Ottoman (Turkey) and Austrian-Hungarian empires.

Events leading up to Gallipoli The Gallipoli planned by Winston Churchill as a hit and run campaign, just hit the quick and hard, then quickly hold the land. Gaining control of the Gallipoli peninsula would enable them to control the Balkans, which in turn would allow them to a naval passage way to support its allies in Balkans and link up with Russia via the Black Sea to support them too.in the Balkans. Also with control at the Dardanelles strait, they would be able to eventually persuade surrounding countries, namely Bulgaria, Romania, Greece to join the allies and open a new battle front against the Germans to end the war, since they weren’t able to end the deadlock on the Western Front.

Aftermath Evacuation was suggested on 11 October 1915, but the prospect of one was quickly overturned by Hamilton in fear of damage done to the prestige of Britain and was instantly replaced by General Sir Charles Monro, who also recommended evacuation, which was initially opposed by Kitchener, but later approved after he personally paid a visit to Gallipoli to consult with the commanders.Evacuation of 14 divisions in winter in really close range to the enemy would be difficult and heavy losses were expected. The untenable nature of the The Allied position proved untenable when a heavy rain-storm struck on 27 November 1915 and lasted for three days, followed by a blizzard at Suvla in early December. Solders were drowning in the rain flooded trenches which also washed unburied corpses into the lines. The following snow killed yet more men from exposure. Ironically the evacuation was the greatest Allied success of the campaign. Suvla and Anzac were to be evacuated in late December, the last troops leaving before dawn on 20 December 1915. The entire Allied force was evacuated, but large quantities of supplies and stores fell into Ottoman hands. On October The allies lost 220000 men with a 59% casualty rate and the central powers lost 253,000 with a 60% casualty rate.


 * gallipoli had very few beaches and many high overlooking cliffs, this made it hard for the Anzac's to attack.
 * turks had high morale because they were fighting for their land and their religion
 * the intention was quick but it turned into stalemate (as most trench war fares do)
 * Kitchener said it was a waste of ammunition and officers
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">encourage neutral countries like Greece,Romania,Albania, Bulgaria to join the allies
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">this would lead the allies to launch an attack on austria and hungary
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">needed access to russian ports to supply russia
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">northern ports of russia were frozen (no access)
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">dardenelles was another route to get supplies to russia
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">dardenelles fall under turkey which was part of the central powers therefore the allies would have to fight to get access to russia through the dardenelles straight
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">british, french, australian and new zealand troops aim was to get rid of turkey out of the war
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">small turkish army were on high land
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">commanders were not very envolved in the first world war,
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">the turks wanted to retreat but the commander convinced them to stay and wait for reinforcements
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">britian (allies) were badly planned and poorly equipt
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">it was refered to as the great war ( first world war)
 * <span style="background-color: #00ff00; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">the failure
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">the turks had very good commanders that boosted their morale and convinced them to stay and fight
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">the terrain was on the turks side as they had high overlooking cliffs and small beaches so they could shoot down on them
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">the ships on the ANZACS side were old and out of date
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">the Ataturk was very strict and brutal when it came to fighting so there was no giving up


 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #9900ff; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Bulgaria joined the central powers on October 1915, complication matters for allies
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #9900ff; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Sir Ian Hamilton, the allied commander in charge, was a below par general

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000099; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[|__http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B3E_OcZXRVk__] <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> What were the reason for the gallipoli campaign?
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> To encourage Neutral countries such as Romania, greece and Bulgaria to join the allies, which would help them launch an attack on Austria-Hungary. After that if they defeated austria-hungary germany would be isolated and easier to beat.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> The allies needed access to the Russian ports to supply russia.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> Winston churchill saw it as a way to end the stalemate on the western front. Because the germans would have to divert their troops from the western front to turkey.
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">An attack on the balkans would force turkey out of the war.

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> Chronological order of the battle.

Jan 2 1915, Tsar Nicholas of Russia asks the allies to relieve the pressure on the russian front

January 3 1915 British war council talks about aiding russia.

January 8Th 1915 In a meeting in london, admiral camden tells churchill that a strong naval attack will force the straits.

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #9900ff; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">25 April 1915 Landing commenced with the 29th division landing at Helles advancing to Kilitbahir and to attack the Turkish 57th Infantry Regiment, who were severely depleted of ammunition and manpower during which Lieutenant-Colonel Mustafa Kemal, issued this famous order to the 57th Infantry Regiment, “ <span style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #9900ff; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">I do not expect you to attack, I order you to die. In the time which passes until we die, other troops and commanders can come forward and take our places.”

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> 8 may 1915 The British and French and an Australian brigade took part in the battle of kirithia. it was unsuccessful and more than 1000 Australians were killed.

19 may 1915 A strong turkish counter attack was launched, in an attempt to drive them back into the sea.

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #9900ff; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">6–21 August 1915 Battle of Sari Bair, commonly known as the August Offensive was launched by the allies, it was a failure, a deadlock ensured in the remainder of the campaign.

5 October 1915 Allied evacuation begins

9 January 1916 Last Allied trops depart Gallipoli, acheiving the amzing feat of incurring only two casualties amongst the whole army.